The Goal of the United States Criminal Justice System

Within the United States Criminal Justice System, it is not only goal to simply punish those who break the law, but to also reduce the level of criminal activity. In order to fulfill this important aspect of the Criminal Justice System, offenders must be rehabilitated and motivated to refrain from engaging in further criminal activity so that they do not return to prison. Since the early 1990’s, our country’s crime rate has been declining. Studies such as the Pew Safety Performance Project point out that this is an important goal for correctional systems to keep in mind, but it is not the only one. Pew Safety believes that ensuring the taxpayer dollars are spent effectively is also an important aspect of the correctional system.†¦show more content†¦A study such as Samuel Himelstein’s Meditation Research: The State of the Art in Correctional Settings, explores and reviews empirical research â€Å"regarding the effects of meditation-based programs in cor rectional populations.† In other words, Himelstein takes into account different forms of treatment aimed at rehabilitating prisoners so that they refrain from recidivism and are not placed back into jail. Himelstein looks at treatments such as Transcendental Meditation, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, and Vipassana Meditation, and looks at insights and results from researchers such as APA member and professor of Psychology Craig Hanley, professor of Psychology Ruth A. Baer, and more insightful results from numerous researchers. Himelstein’s article analyzes how â€Å"inmates who participate in meditation-based programs displayed decreased anxiety, aggressiveness, hostility, substance use, and recidivism of incarceration, and examines an increased social, interpersonal, and overall psychological well-being in inmate participants† (Himelstein, 647). Methods In the Pew Safety Performance Project, researchers analyzed the returns to prison for 33 for inmates who were released in 1999, and analyzed a separate group of inmates from 41 states that were released in 2004 (two cohorts). The fact that Pew analyzed returns in this way, it wasShow MoreRelatedThe Criminal Justice System1308 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Criminal Justice System The criminal justice system refers to the way in which a society chooses to handle all aspects of crime and punishment. In the Western world, particularly the United States, the criminal justice system is an official governmental system that focuses on crime and punishment, though some societies still incorporate a significant amount of informal social controls into their criminal justice systems. The criminal justice system covers everything from crime-prevention andRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Essay1395 Words   |  6 Pagesare more people incarcerated in the United States of America than any other country in the world willing to count their inmates (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2016). How can this be? Foremost, the criminal justice system in the United States of America (which is made up of the police, the courts, and the corrections) is not working toward reducing mass incarceration the way it should be. The criminal justice system is set up strategically to accomplish two goals: to bring in money and to gain powerRead MoreEssay on Victim and Crime Evulation1159 Words   |  5 PagesMay 5, 2014 Joeseph Caulfield The Criminal Justice system today is our scale of judgment. It plays a major part in how we live and how we continue to live among all the dangers, evil and corruption that surrounds us. Without it there wouldn`t be the fine line of right and wrong, there wouldn`t be justice. Those that are considered victims in our criminal justice would turn and become the aggressors and the criminals if we didn`t have a Legal System, and we would live in a world of chaos. ManyRead MoreA Report on the Need of Improved Communication in the Criminal Justice System736 Words   |  3 PagesCriminal Justice Integration: The criminal justice system forms vital part of Americas democratic system of government as it helps preserve the peaceful and orderly functioning of society. It serves to balance the protection and security of the overall community and the preservation of the civil liberties and freedoms of individuals. It also provides justice both for criminals and victims of crimes by ensuring offenders are tried and prosecuted through a fair trial. This is important as one ofRead MoreThe Consensus, Crime Control, and Due Process Models Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesThe criminal justice system consists of models and theories that often contradict one another. Of these models are the crime control model, the due process, model, the consensus model and the conflict model. In this paper these models are evaluated and defined, as well as each entity in the criminal justice systems role within each model. Policing, corrections and the court system all subscribe to each model in some way and in a h urried manner in cases that dictate such a response. As describedRead MoreCompnents of the Criminal Justice System Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesComponents of the Criminal Justice System Byron S. Salter 03/03/12 CJA/204 Introduction to Criminal Justice Michael Paris The three major components of the criminal justice system are policing, corrections, and the courts system. They all work together to prevent crime and to punish those who have committed crime, but they can also work as individual units to make self service gains. This paper will go into detail the components of the criminal justice system; define what crime is and itsRead MoreThe Goals of Sentencing in the Criminal Justice System1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Goals of Sentencing in the Criminal Justice System By: Brian Ouellette Criminal Justice CCJ 1020 Mr. Leonardo Cadogan Abstract In the United States there is no standard when it comes to punishment and sentencing. This area of the  criminal justice system is in a constant state of change. Sentencing practices and goals are always being closely examined. From getting tough on crime to more rehabilitative approaches, the views and goals of sentencing are always beingRead MoreThe Sentencing Policy And The Criminal Justice System1065 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many current criminal justice policies and laws that demonstrate how the policy has been informed by the theories that have been covered this semester. Many connections are not explicit but offer great detail in offering information based on the given topics. The current criminal justice policy that I’ve chosen was the sentencing policy. The sentencing policy was put together to reach every type of case that could possibly be seen in the criminal justice system. Here we will further discussRead MoreThe Articles Of Cullen And Jonson1240 W ords   |  5 Pagespunish criminals and how much should they be paid for the punishment. The article explains, 1 in every 100 American adults is behind bar and 1 in 31 is under someone form of correctional control. In the United States there are more than 1.6 million offenders imprisoned in state and federal institutions. Also the incarcerated population surpasses 2.4 million and there more than 828,000 people on parole, so inference there are 7.4 million Americans under the supervision of the correctional system. ThroughoutRead MoreThe United States Criminal Justice System1670 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States Criminal Justice System is an extremely complex, but yet extremely important part of the United States. The criminal justice system is defined as â€Å"the set of agencies and processes established by governments to control crime and impose penalties on those who violate laws). Although there are many different groups of people that make up the criminal justice syst em, the two main and most discussed the state division or the federal division. The state division of the criminal justice

Short Story Goodnight Kids - 906 Words

â€Å"Goodnight kids. Love ya’ both. † Sighing, I shut the thin white door behind me as I make my way to the stairs, carefully avoiding the fourth step, which upon contact would creak so loudly it would pierce the tranquility of the night. At first turning left to go into the kitchen, I stop to look at his beautiful picture hanging by the rusted fridge handle. Staring at me is his face, strong and confident, and his caring smile, his skin, the color of beautiful chocolate, smooth and flawless. In his arms carrying our two beautiful girls. Oh, how I can smell his scent of aftershave and cigarettes embracing me. The thought of how he had to leave and so suddenly piercing my heart. Feeling tears slowly start to fill my eyes, I see how our girls†¦show more content†¦However, here my daughters could get a proper education like Marcus and I dreamed, on Sundays and a priest who I could ask for his prayers, and most importantly, here I had a place for my family. Finally, I finish doing the dishes and I unwind into my chair with a cup of chamomile. Slowly, I breathe in the scent of sweet honey like a morning sunrise. As I look blankly out the window, slowly my eyes closing. My dreams take me to a huge brick house surrounded by miles of rolling green hills, hugging my husband while celebrating Anber s birthday. Not too far away, I hear an engine roar. Opening my eyes, I quickly look around. Conversely, Nothing has changed. I creep towards the window careful not to reveal myself. I see a rundown Chevrolet come to a screeching stop. As I start to head for bed, I am interrupted by the sounds of sirens screaming into the night. Turning around, I see him. The one who went to the dance with Devon. A medium sized boy with a limp in his right leg. With beautiful pitch black eyes that complimented his skin the color of the earth where my father grew his corn crops. He has big muscles and a charming smile. I realize that Devon left him. Moreover, she claimed she wasn t interested anymore, but I knew there was something. Seeing him get out of his car and walk up to the police officer, chills flow through my body. The police officer comes out of his car and starts yelling at him to do something I cannot hear. WhateverShow MoreRelatedA Visit to Mable ´s Fables, a Toronto Bookstore776 Words   |  3 Pagestotally a new experience for me. First of all this was my first visit to any bookstore so I wasn’t expecting anything fancy except some children books on shelves , some kids and their parents. But I am glad to s ay that I was wrong. FIG 1 Mabels Fables is one of the oldest childrens bookstores in Toronto. They have been bringing kids closer to books and literature since 1988.They completed their 25th year anniversary last year in 2013. I visited the bookstore on 14th of February 2014.Most of the sectionRead MoreHappy Endings By Margaret Atwood951 Words   |  4 Pages Margaret Atwood writes a short story titled â€Å"Happy Endings†. The authors choice of words for the title can be misleading because of the contrary of the actually text. The title of the text could seem sort of juvenile if one was judging the complexity of her text from her title. Which goes back to the saying â€Å"Don’t judge a book by it’s cover†, and in this case it would be taken more literal. The first 3 lines of her text are: John andRead MoreShort Story1284 Words   |  6 Pagesknow. I smile nonetheless. â€Å"Thank you.† I say and he nods. â€Å"I’m Kameron.† An Australian accent, but I couldn’t exactly determine their gender just by looking at them or listening to them, but this didn’t really bother me. I can tell you they were short, and had pink hair that was either pastel or faded. All in all, they are adorable. We share a small smile together. â€Å"Tiffany, pleased to meet you.† There was no good way to read Tiffany, there was no kind of indication of who she was as a person thatRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Separating `` By John Updike1155 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Updike is the author of a short story called â€Å"Separating†. The characters in the story coincide with the author’s life. John divorced his first wife in 1974. â€Å"Separating† was written in 1975. John remarried in 1977. Mr. Updike life experience with divorce and also the fact that divorce was at an all-time high may have impacted his attitude when writing this story. â€Å"Separating† is essentially a story about the impact of divorce on a family. The focus of my paper is to list gender stereotypesRead More`` Happy Endings `` By Margaret Atwood1537 Words   |  7 Pagessociety and culture are often the cause of relationships ending. Personally, I feel happiness in relationships doesn’t exist due to communication, o r a lack thereof. Margaret Atwood used plot-line in order to develop the theme of her short story, Happy Endings. The short story is comprised of six sections, the name of the characters doesn’t change, but their scenario does; each section bearing some similarity to the other while offering a different scenario. Section one, is a vague description of the lifeRead MoreSummary Of The Sleeping Beauty 1281 Words   |  6 Pagesanalyzing Charles Perrault s The Sleeping Beauty in the Wood, we can easily use the same tactics to depict Margaret Atwood s There Was Once. Both stories show how women even in classical times, were seen as poor, meek and weak and could not survive without a strong male figure to come and rescue them. This is a recurring theme in every major love story, the weak, broken damsel in distress who must be rescued by a handsome, strong, and powerful male figure, thus creating a hindering mindset towardsRead MoreA Sorrowful Woman Analysis1439 Words   |  6 Pagesepisodes to a ccommodate her needs. She is imprisoned in her mind with this disorder which eventually leads to her suicide. Bipolar Disorder is the psychiatric illness characterized by both manic and depressive episodes or manic ones only. In the short story â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† mom has Bipolar Disorder and has significant difficulty associating with her husband and son. It is disconcerting how a mother cannot connect or deal with her child. Bipolar Disorder is a chemical imbalance in the brain. DoctorsRead MoreWhat Is It About Our Childhoods That Make Us Want For Write About Them? Essay2254 Words   |  10 Pagesas fast as she had appeared, she vanished back behind the door. As with most single wides the walls are paper thin and I heard her conversing with my father about us. I could not make out the complete details, but I got the feeling she didn t like kids very much. Not long after the woman disappeared, my dad emerged from his room and came over to us and said, â€Å"Good Morning.† like everything was completely normal. I guess in a sense this was fairly typical. We had gotten very use to seeing the randomRead MoreAn Interesting Journey1907 Words   |  8 Pagesand refried beans, and becomes the most satisfying meal of the day. We wash the burritos down with a cold Pacifico, and tell a few stories of past camping trips. Steve and I clean up the remnants of the evenings dinner, and store our food securely in the bear box for the night. We climb into our tents, while Brandon smothers the fire. I can hear it sizzling goodnight as I close my eyes and get comfortable in my sleeping bag, I’m lying in my sleeping bag thinking, again, how much I hate my friendsRead MoreA New Chapter : A Short Story1859 Words   |  8 Pagesblocks from their apartment in Holdingford. As Judy’s older siblings walked in front of her, she still felt the feeling of uncertainty. Judy slowly turned the corner from main street to the alley that her family’s apartment was on. The alley was a short cut Judy and her sibling took each day after school to get to the cafà ©. Judy’s mother was the head cook at the rainbow cafà © for around eight years. From the savory, mouth watering french toast, to steaming hot ham sandwiches which were fried to a golden

Commercials and Their Effect on Children’s Language Free Essays

Language socialization is the process whereby children are socialized, or taught the norms and expectations of their culture, through the use of language. Language socialization includes both the use of language for socialization and the socialization to use language. Language socialization takes effect through exposure to language use, first from family members and other caretakers and then through further society, such as other children, childcare and media exposure. We will write a custom essay sample on Commercials and Their Effect on Children’s Language or any similar topic only for you Order Now What effect does media exposure, particularly exposure to television commercials, have on language socialization in children? An investigation of literature suggests that television and commercials are likely to have a poor effect on language socialization, leading to inaccurate ideas of the importance of language and the culturally correct use of language. The general effects of television viewing on socialization are well known. According to Coats Feldman (1995) American children spend significant amounts of time watching television – more time, they noted, than talking to adults, playing with siblings or attending school. They examined the effect of television on nonverbal socialization, and found that nonverbal displays of emotion are found at an unnaturally high rate as opposed to the natural environment. This can lead to frequent television viewers expressing a more expressive nonverbal emotional display style, due to incorrect socialization about the appropriateness of nonverbal display. Their study found that elementary school children who frequently watched television had more success at encoding emotions (particularly those frequently displayed on television such as happiness and sadness) than did children who infrequently watched television. They also found that these children used more emotive facial expressions. This is in opposition to cultural norms that require active regulation of facial expression, and may constitute a social disadvantage. DeLoache and Korac (2003) noted that there has been a substantial amount of research indicating that there is a correlation between violent programs and violent behavior. Neuman (1980) performed one of the first studies on the effect of television and listening behavior in children. She noted that the rapid pace of children’s television programming meant that children never had time to integrate the information transmitted by the programs. The changes were so frequent that children did not have the ability to learn to recognize the words presented in other contexts, meaning that language socialization through these television shows and commercials was ineffective and incomplete. Her study focused specifically on the correlation between listening skills and television viewing. She found that children did not routinely suffer a degradation of listening skills at increased levels of television viewing; listening skills, she determined, tend to be linked more to intelligence than to television viewing or artificially shortened attention spans. However, she did note that children who watched a lot of commercials, documentaries and news shows did have a decreased level of listening skills. She posited that this was due to the explicit lack of socialization cues aimed at children within these programs leading to decreased listening skills and attention spans. In short, these programs did not provide enough simulated human interaction to allow for language or cultural socialization, even as a substitute for human interaction. Durkin and Judge (2001) examined the effect of television language socialization on children in the specific context of foreign language speakers. The authors noted that language is a marker of ethnic identity and enculturation; reactions to language could also be a sign of ethnic prejudice. Ethnic minorities are often underrepresented in the media as well as portrayed in an inaccurate manner, perpetuating stereotypes and negative images of the ethnic minority. The authors wanted to investigate this portrayal on the socialization of young children around foreign languages at various ages. They found that three to five year olds routinely learned words from television programs, and that younger children used foreign language as a cue that a program’s content is not aimed at them. The authors performed a study that used videos of a family, speaking both English and an artificial foreign language, in prosocial and antisocial situations in order to gauge the effect of the foreign language on the children’s perception of the situation. The authors did not find that the foreign language routinely affected the children’s perception, although younger viewers did tend to view the foreign language speaking portrayals more negatively (in line with cognitive development theories which indicate that younger children see those who are different from them as a threat). The authors noted that the eight year old group showed a marked bias against the foreign language groups in both the prosocial and antisocial situations; this, too, is accounted for by cognitive development theories, which indicate that a metalinguistic shift occurs around the age of seven or eight. This effect has apparently dissipated by the age of ten. Children of all age groups responded positively to the prosocial groups, and negatively to the antisocial groups, in line with expected socialization. The authors concluded that although foreign language could elicit prejudicial reactions in children, it is not clear that it is the foreign language that causes these reactions. However, this study clearly indicates that television’s negative portrayal of ethnic minorities could impact children’s later attitudes and socialization. Barling and Fullagar (1983) performed a factorial study examining children’s attitudes to commercials, including statements such as â€Å"I learned something new† and â€Å"The advertisement was entertaining.† This study did not show any explicit awareness on the part of the children surveyed of learning or socialization through commercials. Bradbury (2004) stated, â€Å"A great deal of research has been done on this subject and, though varying greatly in its methodology and conclusion, would appear to suggest that it is not until the age of 12 that all children have developed a full understanding of the intention of advertising. In particular it is not until this age that all children fully understand the ‘advocatory’ nature of advertising, that is the way in which advertising communicates only positive messages about a product in order to encourage sales.† This inability to distinguish reality from commercial advertising may further increase the risk of inappropriate socialization through television commercials. Bradbury noted that exposure to commercials at an early age may increase the risk of developing a consumerist mentality that children do not have the capacity to recognize as inappropriate. Are there any potential benefits to children from television viewing? DeLoache and Korac (2003) examined the effectiveness of video learning in very young children.   The design of television programs for children, beginning with programs such as Sesame Street, aimed at preschool aged children, and progressing to programs designed for twelve to twenty four month old or younger children, are predicated on the idea that children can and do learn from video imitation. DeLoache and Korac noted that children do learn from these programs, although not as early as they can learn from direct interaction with other humans. Children as young as fourteen months have been observed to show learning behaviors (perceiving and interpreting the action, forming a memory representation of the action and then retrieving the representation at some later time) from behaviors observed on television. However, this is several months later than children have been observed to perform the same learning behavior in response to interaction with people. From this the conclusion can be drawn that children can display learning and socialization behaviors from television, though not as effectively as from person to person interaction. A review of literature regarding language socialization and television, including television commercials, learning programs and other forms of television aimed at children or viewed by children indicates that language socialization is provided by television, but at a lower quality than that provided by personal interaction with peers and adult caregivers. DeLoache and Korac indicated that television can provide learning opportunities for children, though not at as high a quality as personal interaction; children were seen to learn from television at a later age and a lower rate than from other people. Neuman demonstrated that television, particularly television that is not designed to provide socialization for children, could negatively affect listening behavior. Additionally, some forms of children’s programming, which are rapidly paced and change content quickly, lead to inadequate language socialization as children are left unable to recognize new words outside of their original context. Coats and Feldman examined the effect of television on non-verbal socialization in children. They determined that children with high levels of television viewing had an inaccurate view of the frequency and appropriateness of non-verbal emotional expression, which could lead to a social disadvantage in a culture which values control of emotional expression. Barling and Fullagar found that children had no explicit understanding of the purpose or meaning of television advertising, where Bradbury stated that children continued to lack understanding of the purpose of television advertising as late as age twelve. Durkin and Judge determined that negative portrayal of ethnic minorities on television might affect language socialization. Examination of literature indicates that while television viewing may have some limited positive effect on language socialization and learning behaviors, it is unlikely to be a substitute for personal interaction between peers and adult caregivers. Children were shown to have less understanding of appropriate social cues and behaviors, and did not retain as much language information due to inappropriate presentation and inadequate time to process and retain knowledge. Commercials pose a particular problem because they not only use a limited language set, but also portray and enforce an inappropriate consumerist attitude which children are unable to distinguish as not being the cultural norm. Works Cited Barling, Julian Fullagar, Clive. â€Å"Children’s Attitudes to Television Advertisements: A Factorial Perspective.† The Journal of Psychology. 113 (1983):25-30. Bradbury, Paul. â€Å"Television Advertising to Children – To Regulate or Legislate?† Children Society. 14 (2004):73-75. Coats, Eric Feldman, Robert. â€Å"The Role of Television in the Socialization of Non- Verbal Skills.† Basic and Applied Social Psychology 17.3 (1995): 327-341. DeLoache, Judy Korac, Nada. â€Å"Video-based Learning by Very Young Children.† Developmental Science. 6.3(2003):245-246. Durkin, Kevin Judge, Jasmine. â€Å"Effects of language and social behavior on children’s reactions to foreign people on television.† British Journal of Developmental Psychology. 19 (2001):597-612. Neuman, Susan. â€Å"Listening Behavior and Television Viewing.† Journal of Educational Research. 74.1 (1980):15-18. How to cite Commercials and Their Effect on Children’s Language, Essay examples

Market Entry Strategy for a New Product and Start Up Business

Question: Discuss about the Start Up Business and Market Entry Strategy for a New Product in New Zealand. Answer: Introduction The report would be based on market entry strategy for a new product that would be developed in New Zealand and would be exported to San Francisco. The particular product selected for the venture is ready to eat food for employees of the Silicon Valley in San Francisco. The product would be mainly targeted at the Niche segment of the employees who depend on ready to eat products due to unavailability of time due to their strict work schedule. The main aim of the SME that would be discussed here would be to develop unrivalled ready to eat for the targeted sector and undertake an appropriate market entry strategy to enter the much competitive ready to eat food industry in San Francisco. New Product concept The product that would be developed for the purpose of exporting to San Francisco would be ready to eat food for the niche segment of employees working in the Silicon Valley in San Francisco. Reports highlight that the convenience and demand for ready to eat meals have played an important role in encouraging the growth of ready to eat meals in New Zealand. These convenient meals are seen to be very beneficial for time-poor consumers who do not have time for cooking or do not find it convenient to cook a proper meal. Companies like My Food Bag are major competitors in the ready to eat meal industry in New Zealand. The company offers ingredients and recipes in order to cook nutritious and delicious food quickly. However this effort by the company to promote nutrition in the ready to cook meals have been encouraging other companies in the ready to eat food industry to look for more nutritious alternatives like glutten free products etc. Thus the main aim would be the development of read y to eat meals that have nutritious ingredients that have value addition for the consumers. The key trend that is likely to influence the ready to eat food industry in the coming years is health and wellness. Thus the main aim should be the development of ready to eat products that are both delicious as well as do not compromise on the nutritional value. There are several players in the local market in New Zealand who have been developing niche products in this category which are gluten free and nutritionally beneficial as compared to the ready to eat meals which compromised on the health and wellness factor. However major players like Heinz and My food bag could be expected to enter this segment with the growing demand for nutritional ready to eat meals in New Zealand. More over market research in the ready to eat meals in New Zealand also highlights a growing demand for oriental and Asian flavors with changing ethnic demographics and focus on variety in taste. Bundle of benefits for the targeted Niche market The product development that is being focused in this particular paper is ready to eat food for IT and business people who are time- poor consumers and do not have the time to cook a delicious and nutritional meal. The product would be developed in New Zealand and would be exported to San Francisco Silicon valley and would use retort packaging. The existence of ready to eat meals could be seen in San Francisco but the main difference between those available ready to eat food and the one that would be exported from New Zealand would be the fact that these ready to cook food would be developed for the targeted niche market that is the IT and business people and would be completely nutritional products with a focus on gluten-free products (Chung and Enderwick, 2001). More over a focus could be seen on oriental and Asian flavors being developed in different parts of the world thus the SME in concern would be developing ready to eat food with oriental and Asian flavor which also have nutr itional value. The ready to eat products would not only be developed on Asian and oriental flavors but different food items would be available catering to different taste buds. The targeted market here would be the IT and business people in San Francisco Silicon valley and thus would be targeting the niche market in the ready to eat food industry. The main benefits of these products exported to the targeted market would be nutritional benefit which is mostly missing in ready to eat food items owing to the presence of gluten and other preservatives that could be harmful for daily consumption. More over the focus on development of oriental and Asian tastes would be a welcome change in the ready to food industry in San Francisco. The exporting of the ready to eat food products would be done with the help of retort packaging which are durable pouches for ready to eat meals. All ready to eat food products are sold in pouches and barrier bags which are double laminated layers and protect from spill, puncture and contamination. But the new product developed would be exported to the niche market in retort packaging which is a unique stand up pouch which are mainly used for meals like pasta, rice, soups etc. since many products would be having gravy retort packaging would be best suited for the product delivery (Doherty, 2007). More over the products would be targeting the niche business and IT employees and thus would have to provide food grade material for packaging and retort packaging is also well known for increasing the shelf- life of the product. Since the products would be exported to another country it would be important to use packaging which would increase shelf- life of the products. Retort packaging has become an important alternative to traditional canning methods and would be suitable for export purpose of ready to eat food products from New Zealand to San Francisco (Buckley and Casson, 1998). The targeted market segment would thus have multiple benefits from these newly developed ready to eat meals. Firstly time-constraint customers would be able to consume them without having to worry about nutritional factor and secondly they would have access to different flavors from around the world in ready to eat meals which is quite difficult to find in this segment (Anderson, 1997). Analysis your key competition in the target market and present their brief profiles The key competition in the targeted market could be tough with the presence of ready to eat meals in San Francisco. Wise company is a reputable name in the ready to eat and cook meals in the targeted market and with their online shopping option they could be the main competitors for the SME developing and exporting ready to eat meals from New Zealand. The company also has a special gluten-free food storage section which specializes in gluten free products in general. However the pricing is somewhat lower than the expected pricing of gluten free products to be exported to San Francisco Silicon Valley for Business and IT people (Goodnow and Hansz, 1972). Another competitor in the packaged food segment in the targeted country would be ADF food which mainly engages in exporting ready to eat food in different parts of the world. The company operates in 55 countries and deals in canned foods, chutneys, pickles, frozen food and ready to eat food. The company specializes in distributing orga nic Mexican food across the main stream US market. Thus could be seen as a major competitor in the ready to eat food industry. The company also has manufacturing units in different parts of the world like India and other regions which has brought down manufacturing costs. The company does not only cater to the niche market rather with their different brands like Aeroplane, Truly Indian, Ashoka, Soul, PJs, Camel etc they cater to different market segment from economic segment to the Niche Segment. PEST Analysis of US The PEST analysis would help in identifying the external market factors that could influence the expected ready to eat food business from New Zealand to San Francisco. The PEST analysis would help in highlighting the political, economic, social and technological factors that could influence the export business of ready to eat food in US. Political factors- The effective rule of law and the strong democratic set-up in US makes it an attractive business destination for the ready to eat food segment. The political condition of US could be said to be stable for export business. However the rules and regulations are strict and hence while targeting the niche market the quality of products would have to be maintained to keep on exporting ready to eat food in the country (Omar et al. 2009). Economic- US is the largest economy in the world and the services and manufacturing industries are the main source of its economic strength. With the 2008 recession there were growth in unemployment rates and an adverse impact on the economy of the country but the third quarter of 2014 witnessed economic growth with increases spending power of companies and both consumers. Hence the economic condition of US could be seen an important factor which could positively influence the exporting business. More over the ready to eat food could be said to be targeted towards the niche segment of business and IT people and the high spending power of the targeted segment suggests that the products would be instant hit with them (Burns, 2010). Social factors- Us has an increasing aging population which could be both negative and positive for the ready to eat segment. The ageing population would find it feasible to have ready to eat food but would focus on more nutritional option and hence these products would be suitable for them as they would be prepared keeping in mind health benefits. The products would be gluten free thus would be suitable for consumption of all age group. However the main targeted segment is the niche market of IT professionals and Business people. The products would be developed focused on several tastes like Asian, English, and Oriental etc and thus would cater to every taste bud. The growing time constraints of people are also encouraging them to look for easier alternatives and this is also applicable for food where more and more professionals prefer ready to eat food. But a healthier option is also preferred thus the export business of ready to eat food to the niche market would be much positivel y influenced by the social factors prevailing in US. Technological factors- innovation and technology could be said to be the corner stone of US economy and technological developments have helped the economy to grow. In such a scenario people would always prefer innovation in everything as well as food. They would require innovation in ready to eat food too and the export of gluten free Nutritional food would thus be welcomed in US. Persons of niche targeted buyers The persons of the niche targeted buyers would be the IT professionals and Business people of the Silicon Valley in San Francisco. These segments have been targeted for the new product which would be developed in New Zealand and exported to San Francisco since the products developed would be done for the niche market. The nutritional factors involved in ready to eat food segment would require the SME in New Zealand to develop gluten free products and products that have nutritional value for the targeted segment. Thus the pricing for development and packaging would be higher as retort packaging would be used for keeping the food fresh with a longer shelf-life. The targeted segments are the IT professionals and business people in Silicon Valley in San Francisco since these professionals have higher spending power and owing to their time constraints they majorly depend on ready to eat food. However with higher spending power they also look for more healthy alternatives as most of the re ady to cook food is developed with gluten as the main element and thus compromising on nutritional factors (Kolvereid and Isaksen, 2008). Thus the products developed on basis of health and wellness would attract the targeted segment. More over the availability of different flavors from around the world would make these products more popular with the targeted segment that have the money to spend on different flavors but not the time to cook. Targeting IT Business people who are busy The product is mainly targeted at the business and IT segment. These sectors are extremely stressful and prefer ready to eat food as compared to cooking food. The growth of the fast food industry in the US has been mainly because of such factors. However, the fast food industry also accounts for obesity and diabetes and therefore a healthier option is needed. The business conceptualized here has been to provide fresh healthy ready to eat food. Retort packaging technology would be used which would ensure the food value is retained and the food is fresh. Further, this process would also save space and thus exporting will be convenient. Canning process takes a lot of space and hence export costs would be high but in retort packaging the costs would be lower. Investigate the nature and structure of the global capital market for start-up/venture capital Start-up businesses need funds and these funds are mostly in form of venture capital or bank loans. It is quite difficult for a start-up to secure a bank loan because bank loans are mostly against securities. However, venture capitalists provide funds based on the lucrative business idea. Venture capitalists not only seek a percentage of return on the their investment but also claim equities in the company. The Silicon valley has been extremely successful mainly because of the availability of venture funds. The crowd funding concept has also been extremely popular in the US. After, the 2008 recession there has been a depletion in the global capital market and this is a major challenge for start-up businesses. The crisis in Europe too has been a major cause of concern for the global capital market. For this organisation there can be two options, either to secure venture funds from the domestic country or to look for international funds. The capital market has been highly fragmented an d local capital markets can be small and therefore looking into the global capital market can be effective (Carter et al. 1996). However, there are few considerations that have been illustrated in the figure below Capital markets and Venture capital availability in New Zealand The capital market in New Zealand has been stable and the effects of recession did not deplete the market. There are several venture funds that are available in New Zealand. The New Zealand private equity and Venture Capital Association Inc (NZVCA) is one of the organisations which aims at providing the worlds best platform for private investors. The organisation has been proactive in developing angel funds, seed funds and venture funds. The New Zealand Venture Investment Fund (NZVIF) is also another organisation which has been into private equities. There are several other organisations and angel investors who promote entrepreneurship in New Zealand and therefore it can be stated that the business would be capable of generating the funds that it needs for this start-up Two market entry strategies There are different market entry strategies available for the SME who would be developing ready to eat food for the niche market in San Francisco. The best entry strategy for the beginning would be exporting and joint ventures. But since it is an SME export strategy would be the best market entry strategy for the company for targeting the niche market in the ready to eat food in San Francisco Silicon Valley. Exporting is the most well established form of operating in a foreign market. The foreign market in San Francisco could be targeted with this market entry strategy. Direct manufacturing would not be required but significant investment would be required for marketing strategies. Analyse and selection one of the above strategy and provide justification in terms of your status as a SME Thus the market entry strategy that would be used for entering the ready to eat food market of San Francisco would be exporting where products would be exported to San Francisco to a central importing division that would be selling the products in the targeted market of the country. The main advantages of this market entry strategy is that it is less risky as the manufacturing would be home based. More over this strategy would help the SME to identify the overseas market before they invest in a Brick and mortar store for direct selling. It also reduces the potential risk factors while operating in an overseas market. However a major disadvantage could the fact that in the initial stages the company would have to be at the mercy of the overseas agent and would have a lack of control. However ready to eat products that are nutritional and gluten free are lesser in ready to eat food industry in San Francisco and hence these new products exported from New Zealand would be able to attract customers with their nutritional benefits as well as varied range of flavors. References Andersen, O. (1997). Internationalization and market entry mode: A review of theories and conceptual frameworks.MIR:Management International Review, 27-42. Birley, S., Westhead, P. (1994). A taxonomy of business start-up reasons and their impact on firm growth and size.Journal of business venturing,9(1), 7-31. Buckley, P. J., Casson, M. C. (1998). Analyzing foreign market entry strategies: Extending the internalization approach.Journal of international business studies,29(3), 539-561. Burns, P. (2010).Entrepreneurship and Small Business: Start-up. Growth and Maturity. Palgrave Macmillan. Carter, N. M., Gartner, W. B., Reynolds, P. D. (1996). Exploring start-up event sequences.Journal of business venturing,11(3), 151-166. Chung, H. F., Enderwick, P. (2001). An investigation of market entry strategy selection: Exporting vs foreign direct investment modesa home-host country scenario.Asia Pacific Journal of Management,18(4), 443-460. Doherty, A. M. (2007). The internationalization of retailing: Factors influencing the choice of franchising as a market entry strategy.International Journal of Service Industry Management,18(2), 184-205. Goodnow, J. D., Hansz, J. E. (1972). Environmental determinants of overseas market entry strategies.Journal of International Business Studies, 33-50. Kolvereid, L., Isaksen, E. (2006). New business start-up and subsequent entry into self-employment.Journal of Business Venturing,21(6), 866-885. Omar, M., Williams Jr, R. L., Lingelbach, D. (2009). Global brand market-entry strategy to manage corporate reputation.Journal of Product Brand Management,18(3), 177-187.